| Sandy Fritz |
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THE SCIENCES
- HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND KINESIOLOGY
Overview
• Define anatomy and physiology
• Define life processes
• List the most important functions of each body system
• Define homeostasis, describe its generalized process and
relationship to health and disease
• Define directional terms, anatomical planes, and body cavities
• Review the benefits and physiological effects of massage
techniques that manipulate soft tissue
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
The structure and function of the human body and relationship to
applications of massage therapy and bodywork.
The Chemical Level
• Define atoms, molecules, and elements
• Recognize different types of chemical bonds
• Explain basic chemical reactions and the concept of pH
• List organic and inorganic compounds
• Explain the action of enzymes
• Explain the structure of DNA and RNA
The Cellular Level
• List the components of a generalized cell
• Describe the function of each component
• Describe the movement of substances into and out of cells
• Explain protein synthesis
• Describe the phases of cell division
The Tissue Level
• Define the four tissue types
• List and describe the general features of the two types
of epithelial tissue and their locations
• List and describe the general features of connective
tissue and their locations
• List and describe the types of membranes
• Describe tissue repair
• System structure and function
Circulatory-cardiovascular
• Describe the relationship of blood to interstitial fluid
and lymph
• Describe the general functions of blood
• List the physical characteristics of blood
• Describe the components of blood
• Describe the formation of blood cells
• Describe the function of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and
thrombocytes
• Explain the ABO and Rh blood groups
• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and systemic
and pulmonary circulatory
• Describe the structure of the heart and pericardium
• Describe the coronary circulation
• Describe the cardiac conduction system and the regulation
of the heart rate
• Describe the cardiac cycle and electrocardiogram
• Describe normal heart sounds during a cardiac cycle
• Explain the benefits of regular exercise on the heart
• Describe the structure and function arteries, veins, and
capillaries
• Describe concepts of blood distribution and capillary
exchange
• Explain blood pressure regulation
• Define shock and describe the four types of shock
• Describe pulmonary and systemic circulation
• Describe the location and direction of flow of all major
blood vessels
• Describe the hepatic portal circulation
Digestive system
• List the structures of the digestive system
• List the accessory structures of the digestive system
• Describe the six basic processes of the digestive system
• Describe the peritoneum and its associated structures
• Describe the structure and function of the accessory
glands of digestion
Endocrine system
• List major groups of hormones
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of hormonal actions
• Describe the location, histology, and major functions of
each endocrine gland, their hormones and target tissues
• Describe how the body responds to stress
Integumentary System
• Describe the function of the skin
• List and describe the layers of the skin
• Describe the accessory structures of the skin
• List and describe the functions of the skin
• Explain how epidermal and deep wounds heal
• Describe the effects of aging on the integumentary system
Immune system
• List the components of the immune system
• Describe the mechanisms of nonspecific resistance to
disease
• Describe the mechanisms of specific resistance
• Describe the relationship of the immune system to other
body systems
Lymphatic system
• Describe the function and formation of lymph
• Identify and describe lymphatic vessels
• Name the major lymphatic vessels and describe the
direction of lymph flow
• Describe the structure and function of bone marrow,
thymus gland, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules
Muscular system
• List the types and functions of muscle tissue and fascia
• Describe skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
• Describe the anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers
• List and describe the different types of muscle actions
• List and explain the structure of a neuromuscular
junction and a motor unit
• Describe the sliding filament theory
• Describe aerobic and anaerobic and relationship to muscle
• Explain the types of skeletal muscle fibers
Kinesiology
• Define, compare, and locate the three types of levers
• Describe skeletal muscle, as a functional unit or organ,(
skeletal muscle fibers, connective tissue, nervous and vascular
tissue)
• Describe and palpate the proximal (origin) and distal
(insertion) attachments , the actions, innervations associated
with the following muscle groups:
1. Muscles of mastication
2. Muscles of the neck
3. Muscles of the vertebral column
4. Muscles of the abdominal wall and breathing
5. Muscles of the pectoral girdle
6. Muscles that move the humerus
7. Muscles that move the forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers
8. Muscles that move the femur
9. Muscles that move the leg, ankle, foot, and toes
• Identify the general location of the following muscle
groups:
1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Extrinsic eye muscles
3. Anterior neck muscles including hyoids
Nervous system
• Describe function of neuralgia
• Describe the structure and function of a generalized
neuron
• Describe the difference between gray matter from white
matter
• Describe and identify the main parts of the brain and
protective coverings
• Identify and describe the structure and functions of the
brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum
• List the 12 cranial nerves and describe their functions
• Discuss the general components of somatic sensory and
motor pathways
• Describe the organization of the sensory and motor cortex
• Describe the phase of action potential and signal
transmission at synapses
• List the connective tissue covering, and branches of spinal
nerve
• Describe the major branches of the cervical, brachial,
lumbar, and sacral plexuses
• Identify the assessment importance of dermatomes
• Describe the damage and repair process of peripheral
neurons
• Describe the classes and function of neurotransmitters
• Describe the spinal cord and its protective coverings
• Identify sensory and motor tracts in the cord
• Describe a reflex arc
• Describe four different types of somatic reflexes
• Classify sensory receptors according to location and type
of stimulus
• Identify and describe somatic sensations
• Describe the process of learning and memory, wakefulness
and sleep
• Compare and contrast the Somatic Nervous System and
Autonomic Nervous System
• Describe the anatomical components of the sympathetic
and parasympathetic divisions
• Identify the neurotransmitters and receptors of the ANS
• Describe, compare and contrast the responses of most
organs of the body to sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
Reproduction System
• Describe the anatomy of the structures and function of
the male reproductive system
• Describe the anatomy of the structures of the female
reproductive system
• Describe the normal function of pregnancy including
trimesters and labor and delivery
• List the sexually transmitted diseases
Respiratory System
• Describe the functions and structures of the respiratory
system
• Describe external and internal respiration
• Describe how respiratory rates are controlled
Skeletal system (Bones and Joints)
• Discuss the functions of bone
• Identify parts of a long bone
• Describe compact and spongy bone
• Describe types of fractures and explain the process of
fracture repair
• Describe the effects of exercise and aging on bone (mass)
tissue
• Classify most bones into one of six categories
• Define bone surface markings
• Differentiate bones of the axial skeleton from the
appendicular skeleton
• Identify, describe, locate, and palpate the bones of the
skull (differentiate cranial from facial bones)
• Identify, describe, and locate the sutures, paranasal
sinuses, bones of the orbit and nasal septum
• Identify, locate, and palpate the bones of the vertebral
column and discuss normal and abnormal curvatures of the spine
• Identify and locate the bones of the thorax
• List, identify and locate bony landmarks of the axial
skeleton
• Identify and describe the bones of the appendicular
skeleton
• List, identify and locate the bony landmarks of the
appendicular skeleton
• List the bones that make up the shoulder and pelvic girdles
• Differentiate bones of the appendicular skeleton from the
axial skeleton
• Define the difficult types of bone surface markings
• Classify joints into structural and functional categories
• Define and demonstrate joint movements in the frontal,
sagittal, and transverse (horizontal) plane.
• List and describe the structure of a typical
diarthrotic/synovial joint and the six types
• List and define movements of diarthrotic/synovial joints
• List and describe the structures of the shoulder, hip,
elbow, and knee, wrist and ankle, and typical range of motion of
each
• List and explain the factors affecting range of motion of
joints
• Differentiate between a sprain and a strain
Special Senses
• Describe the sense of smell
• Describe the sense of taste
• Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory
structures
• Describe the physiology of vision
• Describe the anatomy of the ear
• Describe the physiology of hearing
• Describe the physiology of vestibular function equilibrium
Urinary System
• List, identify, and describe the structures of the
urinary system
• List, identify, and describe the functions of the urinary
system
Clinical pathology, indications, and contraindications for
massage application
• Define and explain the concept of standard precautions.
• Recognize current recommendations from the Center for
Disease Control (CDC)
• Describe appropriate personal hygiene for practicing
massage.
• Identify potential sources for transmission of pathogenic
organisms.
• Explain the prevention of transmission of pathogens in a
therapeutic environment.
• Identify the physiological and psychological effects of
stress.
• Identify various stress reduction techniques and their
benefits
• Demonstrate knowledge of the physiological and emotional
effects of touch, massage and bodywork techniques.
• Identify and define “endangerment area” and list vulnerable
structures in each “endangerment area”
• Define and list indications and contraindications for the
application of manual massage and bodywork procedures
• Identify anatomical, physiological, and structural
conditions in which the localized or general application of
massage procedures would be indicated and/or
contraindicated.
• Identify signs and symptoms that determine indication
and/or contraindication for a specific massage procedure.
• Recognize physical and psychological conditions in which
specific massage procedures are contraindicated or must
be altered.
• Recognize physical conditions that would require a referral
and evaluation by another health care provider prior to the
application of massage procedures.
• Recognize physical altered changes that require emergency
measures.
• Identify specific indications, contraindications and
precautions, and describe the signs and symptoms of
common conditions/diseases
• Identify and describe the signs and symptoms of a
contagious disease
• Identify the signs and symptoms of both local and systemic
contraindicated conditions/diseases in various populations.
• Identify common pathologies and determine indications,
contraindications, and cautions
• Described massage application adaptation based on areas
of caution, special populations, and pathological condition
Pharmacology
• Recognize and explain the following classes of drugs and
identify procedural contraindications when a client is taking a
particular class of drugs.
1. Antipyretics
2. Skeletal muscle relaxants
3. Anti-inflammatory
4. Antihypertensives
5. Anticoagulants
6. Analgesics
• Describe synergistic and antagonistic interactions of
massage with medication
- HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND KINESIOLOGY
Overview
• Define anatomy and physiology
• Define life processes
• List the most important functions of each body system
• Define homeostasis, describe its generalized process and
relationship to health and disease
• Define directional terms, anatomical planes, and body cavities
• Review the benefits and physiological effects of massage
techniques that manipulate soft tissue
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
The structure and function of the human body and relationship to
applications of massage therapy and bodywork.
The Chemical Level
• Define atoms, molecules, and elements
• Recognize different types of chemical bonds
• Explain basic chemical reactions and the concept of pH
• List organic and inorganic compounds
• Explain the action of enzymes
• Explain the structure of DNA and RNA
The Cellular Level
• List the components of a generalized cell
• Describe the function of each component
• Describe the movement of substances into and out of cells
• Explain protein synthesis
• Describe the phases of cell division
The Tissue Level
• Define the four tissue types
• List and describe the general features of the two types
of epithelial tissue and their locations
• List and describe the general features of connective
tissue and their locations
• List and describe the types of membranes
• Describe tissue repair
• System structure and function
Circulatory-cardiovascular
• Describe the relationship of blood to interstitial fluid
and lymph
• Describe the general functions of blood
• List the physical characteristics of blood
• Describe the components of blood
• Describe the formation of blood cells
• Describe the function of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and
thrombocytes
• Explain the ABO and Rh blood groups
• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and systemic
and pulmonary circulatory
• Describe the structure of the heart and pericardium
• Describe the coronary circulation
• Describe the cardiac conduction system and the regulation
of the heart rate
• Describe the cardiac cycle and electrocardiogram
• Describe normal heart sounds during a cardiac cycle
• Explain the benefits of regular exercise on the heart
• Describe the structure and function arteries, veins, and
capillaries
• Describe concepts of blood distribution and capillary
exchange
• Explain blood pressure regulation
• Define shock and describe the four types of shock
• Describe pulmonary and systemic circulation
• Describe the location and direction of flow of all major
blood vessels
• Describe the hepatic portal circulation
Digestive system
• List the structures of the digestive system
• List the accessory structures of the digestive system
• Describe the six basic processes of the digestive system
• Describe the peritoneum and its associated structures
• Describe the structure and function of the accessory
glands of digestion
Endocrine system
• List major groups of hormones
• Briefly describe the mechanisms of hormonal actions
• Describe the location, histology, and major functions of
each endocrine gland, their hormones and target tissues
• Describe how the body responds to stress
Integumentary System
• Describe the function of the skin
• List and describe the layers of the skin
• Describe the accessory structures of the skin
• List and describe the functions of the skin
• Explain how epidermal and deep wounds heal
• Describe the effects of aging on the integumentary system
Immune system
• List the components of the immune system
• Describe the mechanisms of nonspecific resistance to
disease
• Describe the mechanisms of specific resistance
• Describe the relationship of the immune system to other
body systems
Lymphatic system
• Describe the function and formation of lymph
• Identify and describe lymphatic vessels
• Name the major lymphatic vessels and describe the
direction of lymph flow
• Describe the structure and function of bone marrow,
thymus gland, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules
Muscular system
• List the types and functions of muscle tissue and fascia
• Describe skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
• Describe the anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers
• List and describe the different types of muscle actions
• List and explain the structure of a neuromuscular
junction and a motor unit
• Describe the sliding filament theory
• Describe aerobic and anaerobic and relationship to muscle
• Explain the types of skeletal muscle fibers
Kinesiology
• Define, compare, and locate the three types of levers
• Describe skeletal muscle, as a functional unit or organ,(
skeletal muscle fibers, connective tissue, nervous and vascular
tissue)
• Describe and palpate the proximal (origin) and distal
(insertion) attachments , the actions, innervations associated
with the following muscle groups:
1. Muscles of mastication
2. Muscles of the neck
3. Muscles of the vertebral column
4. Muscles of the abdominal wall and breathing
5. Muscles of the pectoral girdle
6. Muscles that move the humerus
7. Muscles that move the forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers
8. Muscles that move the femur
9. Muscles that move the leg, ankle, foot, and toes
• Identify the general location of the following muscle
groups:
1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Extrinsic eye muscles
3. Anterior neck muscles including hyoids
Nervous system
• Describe function of neuralgia
• Describe the structure and function of a generalized
neuron
• Describe the difference between gray matter from white
matter
• Describe and identify the main parts of the brain and
protective coverings
• Identify and describe the structure and functions of the
brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum
• List the 12 cranial nerves and describe their functions
• Discuss the general components of somatic sensory and
motor pathways
• Describe the organization of the sensory and motor cortex
• Describe the phase of action potential and signal
transmission at synapses
• List the connective tissue covering, and branches of spinal
nerve
• Describe the major branches of the cervical, brachial,
lumbar, and sacral plexuses
• Identify the assessment importance of dermatomes
• Describe the damage and repair process of peripheral
neurons
• Describe the classes and function of neurotransmitters
• Describe the spinal cord and its protective coverings
• Identify sensory and motor tracts in the cord
• Describe a reflex arc
• Describe four different types of somatic reflexes
• Classify sensory receptors according to location and type
of stimulus
• Identify and describe somatic sensations
• Describe the process of learning and memory, wakefulness
and sleep
• Compare and contrast the Somatic Nervous System and
Autonomic Nervous System
• Describe the anatomical components of the sympathetic
and parasympathetic divisions
• Identify the neurotransmitters and receptors of the ANS
• Describe, compare and contrast the responses of most
organs of the body to sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
Reproduction System
• Describe the anatomy of the structures and function of
the male reproductive system
• Describe the anatomy of the structures of the female
reproductive system
• Describe the normal function of pregnancy including
trimesters and labor and delivery
• List the sexually transmitted diseases
Respiratory System
• Describe the functions and structures of the respiratory
system
• Describe external and internal respiration
• Describe how respiratory rates are controlled
Skeletal system (Bones and Joints)
• Discuss the functions of bone
• Identify parts of a long bone
• Describe compact and spongy bone
• Describe types of fractures and explain the process of
fracture repair
• Describe the effects of exercise and aging on bone (mass)
tissue
• Classify most bones into one of six categories
• Define bone surface markings
• Differentiate bones of the axial skeleton from the
appendicular skeleton
• Identify, describe, locate, and palpate the bones of the
skull (differentiate cranial from facial bones)
• Identify, describe, and locate the sutures, paranasal
sinuses, bones of the orbit and nasal septum
• Identify, locate, and palpate the bones of the vertebral
column and discuss normal and abnormal curvatures of the spine
• Identify and locate the bones of the thorax
• List, identify and locate bony landmarks of the axial
skeleton
• Identify and describe the bones of the appendicular
skeleton
• List, identify and locate the bony landmarks of the
appendicular skeleton
• List the bones that make up the shoulder and pelvic girdles
• Differentiate bones of the appendicular skeleton from the
axial skeleton
• Define the difficult types of bone surface markings
• Classify joints into structural and functional categories
• Define and demonstrate joint movements in the frontal,
sagittal, and transverse (horizontal) plane.
• List and describe the structure of a typical
diarthrotic/synovial joint and the six types
• List and define movements of diarthrotic/synovial joints
• List and describe the structures of the shoulder, hip,
elbow, and knee, wrist and ankle, and typical range of motion of
each
• List and explain the factors affecting range of motion of
joints
• Differentiate between a sprain and a strain
Special Senses
• Describe the sense of smell
• Describe the sense of taste
• Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory
structures
• Describe the physiology of vision
• Describe the anatomy of the ear
• Describe the physiology of hearing
• Describe the physiology of vestibular function equilibrium
Urinary System
• List, identify, and describe the structures of the
urinary system
• List, identify, and describe the functions of the urinary
system
Clinical pathology, indications, and contraindications for
massage application
• Define and explain the concept of standard precautions.
• Recognize current recommendations from the Center for
Disease Control (CDC)
• Describe appropriate personal hygiene for practicing
massage.
• Identify potential sources for transmission of pathogenic
organisms.
• Explain the prevention of transmission of pathogens in a
therapeutic environment.
• Identify the physiological and psychological effects of
stress.
• Identify various stress reduction techniques and their
benefits
• Demonstrate knowledge of the physiological and emotional
effects of touch, massage and bodywork techniques.
• Identify and define “endangerment area” and list vulnerable
structures in each “endangerment area”
• Define and list indications and contraindications for the
application of manual massage and bodywork procedures
• Identify anatomical, physiological, and structural
conditions in which the localized or general application of
massage procedures would be indicated and/or
contraindicated.
• Identify signs and symptoms that determine indication
and/or contraindication for a specific massage procedure.
• Recognize physical and psychological conditions in which
specific massage procedures are contraindicated or must
be altered.
• Recognize physical conditions that would require a referral
and evaluation by another health care provider prior to the
application of massage procedures.
• Recognize physical altered changes that require emergency
measures.
• Identify specific indications, contraindications and
precautions, and describe the signs and symptoms of
common conditions/diseases
• Identify and describe the signs and symptoms of a
contagious disease
• Identify the signs and symptoms of both local and systemic
contraindicated conditions/diseases in various populations.
• Identify common pathologies and determine indications,
contraindications, and cautions
• Described massage application adaptation based on areas
of caution, special populations, and pathological condition
Pharmacology
• Recognize and explain the following classes of drugs and
identify procedural contraindications when a client is taking a
particular class of drugs.
1. Antipyretics
2. Skeletal muscle relaxants
3. Anti-inflammatory
4. Antihypertensives
5. Anticoagulants
6. Analgesics
• Describe synergistic and antagonistic interactions of
massage with medication
BENEFITS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TECHNIQUES THAT
MANIPULATE SOFT TISSUE
Overview of massage and bodywork history/culture modalities
• Explain the History of massage & bodywork as it is
relevant to current practice
• Describe the different skill sets used in contemporary
• Compare and contrast similarities and difference of common
massage/bodywork modalities i.e. chair massage, deep tissue, Esalen,
hot stone, hydrotherapy, lymphatic drainage, medical/clinical massage,
myofacial massage, neuromuscular therapy, orthopedic massage,
special populations (infancy, pregnancy, geriatric, sports), stretching
and range of motion, structural integration, Swedish, trigger point
therapy, acupressure, Amma, Ayurveda, Breema, craniosacral, Jin Shin
Do, lomi lomi, polarity, reiki, reflexology, shiatsu, Thai, therapeutic
touch, tui na, watsu.
• Use healthcare and bodywork terminology in communicating
assessment findings and therapeutic results.
• Identify the physiological effects of soft tissue manipulation
• Identify the psychological aspects and benefits of touch
• List and describe the benefits of soft tissue manipulation for specific
client populations
• List, explain, and define 3 major categories of physiological effects:
Mechanical, Chemical, and Reflex
• List and describe procedures that stimulate/facilitate and
sedate/inhibit
• Identify specific physiological effects of massage on the following:
integument, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic,
digestive, respiratory, and urinary
Describe how to vary each of the primary massage procedures:
1. location of application
2. level of pressure
3. speed
4. direction
5. drag
6. duration
7. Type of mechanical force (tension, compression, shear, torsion,
bend) created by the methods.
• Perform and describe massage application using:
1. hands
2. fists
3. fingers
4. forearms
5. elbows
6. feet
• Identify and compare the following primary massage procedures
1. Gliding/ stroke, effleurage
2. Kneading/ Skin rolling – superficial kneading/petrissage
3. Compression (ischemic compression) – pressure touch
4. Friction/Cross fiber friction
5. Oscillation/percussion, tapotement, vibration, rocking, shaking
6. Range Of Motion (ROM) – joint movement - active, active assisted,
active resisted, passive
7. STRETCHING – passive and active stretching of muscle and
connective tissue to achieve normal resting length.
• Explain the physiological effects and therapeutic applications for
each of the primary massage procedures and variations.
• Describe how to vary the choice and application of techniques as
appropriate to the client’s needs, including those of special populations.
• Recognize and practice appropriate methods of sanitation and
personal hygiene in the performance of massage.
• Use standard precautions at all times
• Describe the importance and function of draping.
• Describe various draping materials and styles of draping.
• Describe how to sanitize and launder draping materials
• Describe and demonstrate four positions for massage application,
to include draping, appropriate bolstering, use of supports, and the use
and care of a massage table, mat and chair.
• Describe the use of appropriate equipment and supplies (such as
adjustable massage tables, bolsters, pillows, gloves, linens, lubricants
[oil, lotion, gel]).
Ergonomic/body mechanics
• Demonstrate efficient application of massage methods in an
ergonomically and biomechanically effective manner.
• Identify strategies to prevent self-injury and enhance the
efficacy of techniques through the use of proper body mechanics,
centering, focusing, and breathing.
• Identify and discuss how physical fitness and life style habits
affecting physical fitness affect performance and stress management as
a massage therapist.
• Identify and practice biomechanical skills necessary for the safe
and effective performance of massage.
Adjunct methods
Application of adjunct methods and the use of hot and cold hydrotherapy.
• Identify various hot and cold hydrotherapy techniques (such as hot
or cold packs [hydrocollator therapy packs], immersion baths, paraffin,
ice massage)
• Identify the physiological principles and mechanisms involved in
the effects of hydrotherapy.
Physiological effects of adjunct methods
• Recognize and explain the physiological effects of heat and cold
application on the human body.
• Recognize and explain the physiological effects of hot and cold
water application on the human body.
• Demonstrate the appropriate use of heat and cold for specific
therapeutic applications.
• Define, identify, and explain contra indications for the application
of hydrotherapy
• Define and demonstrate the application of cryotherapy (RICE)
• Define and demonstrate contrast heat and cold applications
• Describe safe application of hot and cold stones or other thermo
applications
Essential oils
• List contraindications for essential oil use during massage
• Describe mode of action of essential oils
• List common essential oils for use during massage application that
are generally considered safe
• Describe the importance of a carrier oil for proper dilution of
essential oils
CLIENT ASSESSMENT, REASSESSMENT & TREATMENT PLANNING
ASSESSMENT
• Demonstrate the knowledge of the wellness model and its
relationship to massage therapy and bodywork practice.
• Identify the scope of practice of massage therapy and bodywork in
relation to the components in a wellness model.
• Identify and demonstrate an appropriate assessment of anatomical
structures utilizing massage procedures as palpatory skills
• Performance of assessment and data collection for the purpose of
determining contraindications and formulating a treatment strategy.
• Perform assessment and data collection.
1. History taking
2. Observation
3. Palpation
4. Functional testing
5. Pain assessment
6. Formulation and documentation of a treatment strategy based on
assessment findings, client goals, and client response to previous
application of massage and bodywork techniques. (TREATMENT/CARE
PLAN)
• Integrate methods of clinical reasoning, with methods of
assessment and treatment outcome measures, quantified and qualified
client goals in the formulation of an organized, safe, and effective
application of massage therapy/bodywork and on-going treatment plan.
• Use effective clinical reasoning skills in the development and
execution of the treatment/care plan based on knowledge of anatomy and
physiology and on the interpretation and prioritization of all assessment
and client information (i.e. client history, assessment, referral letters
and other sources of information).
• Formulate and provide informed consent to client prior to the
beginning of treatment protocol.
• Modify the treatment plan and therapeutic approach used during a
client session based on client response to the application of massage and
bodywork techniques.
• Manage time within a client session.
• Communicate the importance of the client’s level of comfort and
feedback to massage therapist
• Demonstrate an understanding of Complementary Care and
Wellness Information
• Write clear, concise, and accurate client notes based on treatment
sessions.
• Discuss and understand Client History, including: medication,
nutritional supplements and herbs, medical reports, and referrals from
other professionals and family and friends
• Demonstrate and create Client Charts (documentation), consisting
of: SOAP charting and other forms of medical records
• Making appropriate referrals to other professionals: for
complimentary care, knowing when, to whom and how to refer, and
obtaining release and authorization forms
• Demonstrate the ability to provide client intake and assessment to
include:
1. Verbal intake
2. Health history form
3. Written data collection
4. Visual assessment (General, Postural)
5. Palpation assessment
6. Muscle assessment
7. Range of motion assessment
8. Gait assessment
• Demonstrate ability to use Clinical reasoning to:
1. Guide client treatment goal setting
2. Rule out contraindications
3. Adapt massage application based on assessment data
4. Evaluation of response to previous treatment
5. Determine appropriate massage approach
6. Justify massage treatment approach as beneficial and not harmful
• Discuss therapeutic education (i.e.: self massage techniques)
• Discuss ergonomics
• Educate clients and others about Massage Therapy: results and
benefits, goals and expectations, concepts of informed consent and right
of refusal
MANIPULATE SOFT TISSUE
Overview of massage and bodywork history/culture modalities
• Explain the History of massage & bodywork as it is
relevant to current practice
• Describe the different skill sets used in contemporary
• Compare and contrast similarities and difference of common
massage/bodywork modalities i.e. chair massage, deep tissue, Esalen,
hot stone, hydrotherapy, lymphatic drainage, medical/clinical massage,
myofacial massage, neuromuscular therapy, orthopedic massage,
special populations (infancy, pregnancy, geriatric, sports), stretching
and range of motion, structural integration, Swedish, trigger point
therapy, acupressure, Amma, Ayurveda, Breema, craniosacral, Jin Shin
Do, lomi lomi, polarity, reiki, reflexology, shiatsu, Thai, therapeutic
touch, tui na, watsu.
• Use healthcare and bodywork terminology in communicating
assessment findings and therapeutic results.
• Identify the physiological effects of soft tissue manipulation
• Identify the psychological aspects and benefits of touch
• List and describe the benefits of soft tissue manipulation for specific
client populations
• List, explain, and define 3 major categories of physiological effects:
Mechanical, Chemical, and Reflex
• List and describe procedures that stimulate/facilitate and
sedate/inhibit
• Identify specific physiological effects of massage on the following:
integument, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic,
digestive, respiratory, and urinary
Describe how to vary each of the primary massage procedures:
1. location of application
2. level of pressure
3. speed
4. direction
5. drag
6. duration
7. Type of mechanical force (tension, compression, shear, torsion,
bend) created by the methods.
• Perform and describe massage application using:
1. hands
2. fists
3. fingers
4. forearms
5. elbows
6. feet
• Identify and compare the following primary massage procedures
1. Gliding/ stroke, effleurage
2. Kneading/ Skin rolling – superficial kneading/petrissage
3. Compression (ischemic compression) – pressure touch
4. Friction/Cross fiber friction
5. Oscillation/percussion, tapotement, vibration, rocking, shaking
6. Range Of Motion (ROM) – joint movement - active, active assisted,
active resisted, passive
7. STRETCHING – passive and active stretching of muscle and
connective tissue to achieve normal resting length.
• Explain the physiological effects and therapeutic applications for
each of the primary massage procedures and variations.
• Describe how to vary the choice and application of techniques as
appropriate to the client’s needs, including those of special populations.
• Recognize and practice appropriate methods of sanitation and
personal hygiene in the performance of massage.
• Use standard precautions at all times
• Describe the importance and function of draping.
• Describe various draping materials and styles of draping.
• Describe how to sanitize and launder draping materials
• Describe and demonstrate four positions for massage application,
to include draping, appropriate bolstering, use of supports, and the use
and care of a massage table, mat and chair.
• Describe the use of appropriate equipment and supplies (such as
adjustable massage tables, bolsters, pillows, gloves, linens, lubricants
[oil, lotion, gel]).
Ergonomic/body mechanics
• Demonstrate efficient application of massage methods in an
ergonomically and biomechanically effective manner.
• Identify strategies to prevent self-injury and enhance the
efficacy of techniques through the use of proper body mechanics,
centering, focusing, and breathing.
• Identify and discuss how physical fitness and life style habits
affecting physical fitness affect performance and stress management as
a massage therapist.
• Identify and practice biomechanical skills necessary for the safe
and effective performance of massage.
Adjunct methods
Application of adjunct methods and the use of hot and cold hydrotherapy.
• Identify various hot and cold hydrotherapy techniques (such as hot
or cold packs [hydrocollator therapy packs], immersion baths, paraffin,
ice massage)
• Identify the physiological principles and mechanisms involved in
the effects of hydrotherapy.
Physiological effects of adjunct methods
• Recognize and explain the physiological effects of heat and cold
application on the human body.
• Recognize and explain the physiological effects of hot and cold
water application on the human body.
• Demonstrate the appropriate use of heat and cold for specific
therapeutic applications.
• Define, identify, and explain contra indications for the application
of hydrotherapy
• Define and demonstrate the application of cryotherapy (RICE)
• Define and demonstrate contrast heat and cold applications
• Describe safe application of hot and cold stones or other thermo
applications
Essential oils
• List contraindications for essential oil use during massage
• Describe mode of action of essential oils
• List common essential oils for use during massage application that
are generally considered safe
• Describe the importance of a carrier oil for proper dilution of
essential oils
CLIENT ASSESSMENT, REASSESSMENT & TREATMENT PLANNING
ASSESSMENT
• Demonstrate the knowledge of the wellness model and its
relationship to massage therapy and bodywork practice.
• Identify the scope of practice of massage therapy and bodywork in
relation to the components in a wellness model.
• Identify and demonstrate an appropriate assessment of anatomical
structures utilizing massage procedures as palpatory skills
• Performance of assessment and data collection for the purpose of
determining contraindications and formulating a treatment strategy.
• Perform assessment and data collection.
1. History taking
2. Observation
3. Palpation
4. Functional testing
5. Pain assessment
6. Formulation and documentation of a treatment strategy based on
assessment findings, client goals, and client response to previous
application of massage and bodywork techniques. (TREATMENT/CARE
PLAN)
• Integrate methods of clinical reasoning, with methods of
assessment and treatment outcome measures, quantified and qualified
client goals in the formulation of an organized, safe, and effective
application of massage therapy/bodywork and on-going treatment plan.
• Use effective clinical reasoning skills in the development and
execution of the treatment/care plan based on knowledge of anatomy and
physiology and on the interpretation and prioritization of all assessment
and client information (i.e. client history, assessment, referral letters
and other sources of information).
• Formulate and provide informed consent to client prior to the
beginning of treatment protocol.
• Modify the treatment plan and therapeutic approach used during a
client session based on client response to the application of massage and
bodywork techniques.
• Manage time within a client session.
• Communicate the importance of the client’s level of comfort and
feedback to massage therapist
• Demonstrate an understanding of Complementary Care and
Wellness Information
• Write clear, concise, and accurate client notes based on treatment
sessions.
• Discuss and understand Client History, including: medication,
nutritional supplements and herbs, medical reports, and referrals from
other professionals and family and friends
• Demonstrate and create Client Charts (documentation), consisting
of: SOAP charting and other forms of medical records
• Making appropriate referrals to other professionals: for
complimentary care, knowing when, to whom and how to refer, and
obtaining release and authorization forms
• Demonstrate the ability to provide client intake and assessment to
include:
1. Verbal intake
2. Health history form
3. Written data collection
4. Visual assessment (General, Postural)
5. Palpation assessment
6. Muscle assessment
7. Range of motion assessment
8. Gait assessment
• Demonstrate ability to use Clinical reasoning to:
1. Guide client treatment goal setting
2. Rule out contraindications
3. Adapt massage application based on assessment data
4. Evaluation of response to previous treatment
5. Determine appropriate massage approach
6. Justify massage treatment approach as beneficial and not harmful
• Discuss therapeutic education (i.e.: self massage techniques)
• Discuss ergonomics
• Educate clients and others about Massage Therapy: results and
benefits, goals and expectations, concepts of informed consent and right
of refusal
PROFESSIONALISM, ETHICS, BOUNDARIES, LEGAL
ISSUES, & BUSINESS PRACTICES
Professionalism
1. Professional behavior.
2. Ethical behavior
3. Professional boundaries
4. Code of ethics violations
5. The therapeutic relationship
6. Dual relationships
7. Sexual misconduct
8. Massage/bodywork-related laws and regulations
9. Scope of practice
10. Professional communication
11. Confidentiality
12. HIPPA
Communications including:
1. Oral/Verbal
2. Written
3. Non-verbal
Business Practices and Polices
• Describe insurance: liability and reimbursement
• Explain how to implement Marketing Strategies and
creating a Business Plan
• Explain pertinent Business Laws, including: local,
state, federal, and discrimination
• Demonstrate a working understanding of basic
accounting principles, including: bookkeeping, taxes, and
financial planning
• Define right to refuse service
• Use effective strategies for dealing with difficult
clients
• Identify and demonstrate appropriate professional
referrals.
• Identify confidentiality principles related to massage
therapy/ bodywork practice to include HIPPA compliance and
the responsibilities and liability for maintaining client
confidentiality and privileged communication.
• Recognize professional/clinical conditions which might
present ethical dilemmas.
• Recognize professional behavior that would be
considered unethical by a majority of “reasonable"
professionals.
• Identify, explain, and understand the ethical,
emotional/legal implications for establishing a personal -
intimate / sexual relationship with a client.
• Identify and explain the role and purpose of a code of
ethics.
• Identify the role and purpose of Standards of Practice
specific to massage therapy and bodywork.
• Develop successful and ethical therapeutic
relationships with clients.
• Use effective communication in the therapist-client
relationship.
• Define and demonstrate active listening, rapport,
empathy and feedback.
• Identify strategies to effectively deal with emotional
and behavioral client responses to massage therapy and
bodywork treatment.
• Describe the principles of conflict resolution and
apply conflict resolution skills effectively in the therapist-
client relationship.
• Establish and maintain safe and respectful boundaries
with clients.
• Self-assess needs, behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and
knowledge relevant to the practice of massage therapy and
bodywork.
• Identify how personal and cultural values, attitudes,
and ethics influence professional values, attitudes, and ethics
• Develop a strategy for a successful practice, business
or employment situation.
• Identify and describe basic business practices
relevant to the practice of massage therapy/bodywork.
• Identify common business practices and structures as
applied to proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations in
massage therapy and bodywork practice.
• Formulate a business plan or outline an employment
strategy, including short and long-term goals related to the
students’ professional goals.
• Understand basic aspects of legal agreements,
contracts, and employment agreements and professional
insurance.
• Create and maintain client, financial and tax records
and identify legal requirements for retaining records.
• Demonstrate knowledge of federal, state and local
regulations as they pertain to massage therapy and bodywork
practice.
• Demonstrate knowledge of ADA (American Disability
Act) requirements and the implication this has on the
practice of massage therapy and bodywork.
• Apply knowledge in writing a clear and concise resume.
• Identify strategies to develop and maintain a client
base and promote client retention.
• Discuss the process needed to identify the scope of
practice of allied professions.
• Identify strategies for effective management of the
work environment.
• Identify and design effective methods for time
management, client scheduling, and maintenance of the work
environment.
• Discuss the process for establishing and maintaining
professional boundaries and relationships with peers, in the
work place, and with other professionals.
• Identify strategies to participate in professional
activities and pursue personal professional development.
• Discuss influences of history of the massage therapy
and bodywork profession and the role of professional
associations on massage therapists and body workers today.
• Identify the role of professional associations for
massage therapists and body workers.
• Identify strategies to attain new knowledge and
support continuing education.
• Discuss the importance of ongoing education and skill
development as a professional.
• Describe methods for identifying advanced training
programs that will enhance performance, knowledge and skills
in relationship to student’s goals.
• Demonstrate the ability to read and evaluate technical
information found in articles in health related journals and
determine biases and limitations in the findings or premises
the articles are based on.
• Explain the value of research to the profession.
• Locate research literature on therapeutic massage.
• Critically read and evaluate a published article in the
field of massage therapy and bodywork.
• Access appropriate information resources as needed,
and apply this information in practice.
Professional Boundaries
• Identify the qualities and characteristics of
professional boundaries
• Discuss and demonstrate the use of draping during
treatment as a professional boundary issue.
• Identify cultural differences related to boundary
issues.
• Define and discuss transference and counter
transference.
• Define and discuss the differences between a personal
and a professional relationship.
Technology
• Massage equipment (i.e. tables), how to use
• Computers and other office equipment needs
• Software programs for business practices
REALITY CHECK – WOW, no wonder it takes a
comprehensive education to be a massage therapist.
ISSUES, & BUSINESS PRACTICES
Professionalism
1. Professional behavior.
2. Ethical behavior
3. Professional boundaries
4. Code of ethics violations
5. The therapeutic relationship
6. Dual relationships
7. Sexual misconduct
8. Massage/bodywork-related laws and regulations
9. Scope of practice
10. Professional communication
11. Confidentiality
12. HIPPA
Communications including:
1. Oral/Verbal
2. Written
3. Non-verbal
Business Practices and Polices
• Describe insurance: liability and reimbursement
• Explain how to implement Marketing Strategies and
creating a Business Plan
• Explain pertinent Business Laws, including: local,
state, federal, and discrimination
• Demonstrate a working understanding of basic
accounting principles, including: bookkeeping, taxes, and
financial planning
• Define right to refuse service
• Use effective strategies for dealing with difficult
clients
• Identify and demonstrate appropriate professional
referrals.
• Identify confidentiality principles related to massage
therapy/ bodywork practice to include HIPPA compliance and
the responsibilities and liability for maintaining client
confidentiality and privileged communication.
• Recognize professional/clinical conditions which might
present ethical dilemmas.
• Recognize professional behavior that would be
considered unethical by a majority of “reasonable"
professionals.
• Identify, explain, and understand the ethical,
emotional/legal implications for establishing a personal -
intimate / sexual relationship with a client.
• Identify and explain the role and purpose of a code of
ethics.
• Identify the role and purpose of Standards of Practice
specific to massage therapy and bodywork.
• Develop successful and ethical therapeutic
relationships with clients.
• Use effective communication in the therapist-client
relationship.
• Define and demonstrate active listening, rapport,
empathy and feedback.
• Identify strategies to effectively deal with emotional
and behavioral client responses to massage therapy and
bodywork treatment.
• Describe the principles of conflict resolution and
apply conflict resolution skills effectively in the therapist-
client relationship.
• Establish and maintain safe and respectful boundaries
with clients.
• Self-assess needs, behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and
knowledge relevant to the practice of massage therapy and
bodywork.
• Identify how personal and cultural values, attitudes,
and ethics influence professional values, attitudes, and ethics
• Develop a strategy for a successful practice, business
or employment situation.
• Identify and describe basic business practices
relevant to the practice of massage therapy/bodywork.
• Identify common business practices and structures as
applied to proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations in
massage therapy and bodywork practice.
• Formulate a business plan or outline an employment
strategy, including short and long-term goals related to the
students’ professional goals.
• Understand basic aspects of legal agreements,
contracts, and employment agreements and professional
insurance.
• Create and maintain client, financial and tax records
and identify legal requirements for retaining records.
• Demonstrate knowledge of federal, state and local
regulations as they pertain to massage therapy and bodywork
practice.
• Demonstrate knowledge of ADA (American Disability
Act) requirements and the implication this has on the
practice of massage therapy and bodywork.
• Apply knowledge in writing a clear and concise resume.
• Identify strategies to develop and maintain a client
base and promote client retention.
• Discuss the process needed to identify the scope of
practice of allied professions.
• Identify strategies for effective management of the
work environment.
• Identify and design effective methods for time
management, client scheduling, and maintenance of the work
environment.
• Discuss the process for establishing and maintaining
professional boundaries and relationships with peers, in the
work place, and with other professionals.
• Identify strategies to participate in professional
activities and pursue personal professional development.
• Discuss influences of history of the massage therapy
and bodywork profession and the role of professional
associations on massage therapists and body workers today.
• Identify the role of professional associations for
massage therapists and body workers.
• Identify strategies to attain new knowledge and
support continuing education.
• Discuss the importance of ongoing education and skill
development as a professional.
• Describe methods for identifying advanced training
programs that will enhance performance, knowledge and skills
in relationship to student’s goals.
• Demonstrate the ability to read and evaluate technical
information found in articles in health related journals and
determine biases and limitations in the findings or premises
the articles are based on.
• Explain the value of research to the profession.
• Locate research literature on therapeutic massage.
• Critically read and evaluate a published article in the
field of massage therapy and bodywork.
• Access appropriate information resources as needed,
and apply this information in practice.
Professional Boundaries
• Identify the qualities and characteristics of
professional boundaries
• Discuss and demonstrate the use of draping during
treatment as a professional boundary issue.
• Identify cultural differences related to boundary
issues.
• Define and discuss transference and counter
transference.
• Define and discuss the differences between a personal
and a professional relationship.
Technology
• Massage equipment (i.e. tables), how to use
• Computers and other office equipment needs
• Software programs for business practices
REALITY CHECK – WOW, no wonder it takes a
comprehensive education to be a massage therapist.
COMPREHENSIVE CURRICULUM OUTLINE
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